Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
Introduction
Clinical studies, laboratory investigations and a
number of surveys show certain personal characteristics and life-styles
pointing to increased danger of heart attack (coronary heart disease).
The Danger Signs
These danger signs are called 'risk factors'. The well established risk
factors are high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking
and diabetes mellitus.
Other factors that may increase or affect the risk for heart attack are
obesity, a sedentary life-style, an aggressive response to stress, and
certain drugs.
In the past two decades, millions of people have learned about these risk
factors and have tried to modify them favourable by seeking medical
attention and by changing life-style.
Stopping smoking
Many adults have stopped smoking. The medical control of high blood
pressure has greatly improved. The average cholesterol level of the
population has decreased continually over the last two decades, probably
due to changes in dietary habits and increased exercise.
This attempt to modify risk factors almost certainly has contributed to
the declining death rate from heart disease in the UK.
Things are getting better
During the 1960's, U.K. death rates from heart disease were still rising,
but today the incidence from diseases of the cardiovascular system
(including coronary heart disease) has fallen dramatically.
Overall, heart-related problems have declined about 25 percent in the last
decade. Some of this decrease undoubtedly is due to better medical care of
heart attack victims, but it is likely that a sizeable percentage is
related to modification of risk factors.
The entire population has become more aware of the seriousness of heart
disease and coronary heart problems.
Training
CPR training is offered in schools, places of business, and church and
community functions, and everyone seems to recognise that prevention of
coronary heart disease is a partnership between the public and the medical
community.
These are a number of factors implicated in coronary heart disease. Some
of these may raise coronary risk by accentuating the major risk factors
already discussed. Others may act in ways not understood. Still others may
be linked mistakenly to coronary risk.
Obesity is a big problem
Obesity predisposes individuals to coronary heart disease. Some of the
reasons for this are known, but others are not. The major causes of
obesity in our people are excessive intake of calories and inadequate
exercise.
When caloric intake is excessive, some of the excess
frequently is saturated fat, which further raises the blood cholesterol.
Thus, obesity contributes to higher coronary risk in a variety of ways.
Regular check ups
Most of the major risk factors are silent. They must be sought actively,
and much of the responsibility for their detection lies with each of us as
individuals. Regular check-ups are particularly necessary if there is a
family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol
levels or diabetes.
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